200 essential Spanish travel words (A1–A2). Airport, hotel, directions, restaurants, shopping, transportation, emergencies, and sightseeing with example sentences and English translations.
CEFR A1 — Beginner
At this level you can introduce yourself, order food, ask directions. Vocabulary: ~500 words (cumulative).
Spanish → English220 words~22 days at 10 words/day0 downloadsA1A2
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We arrived at the airport two hours before the flight.
"Llegamos" is the preterite of "llegar" (we arrived). "Al" is the contraction of "a + el." Time expressions with "antes de" (before) take a noun or infinitive.
el vuelo
flight
Nuestro vuelo sale a las ocho de la mañana.
Our flight departs at eight in the morning.
"Nuestro" is a possessive adjective agreeing with the masculine noun "vuelo." "Sale" is present tense of "salir" (irregular yo: salgo). "A las ocho" uses the feminine article because "hora" (hour) is implied.
facturar el equipaje
to check in luggage
Tenemos que facturar el equipaje antes de pasar al control.
We have to check in the luggage before going through security.
"Tener que + infinitive" expresses obligation. "Antes de + infinitive" means "before doing." "Pasar al control" uses the contraction "al" (a + el).
la maleta
suitcase
Mi maleta pesa más de veinte kilos.
My suitcase weighs more than twenty kilos.
"Pesa" is third-person present of "pesar" (to weigh). "Más de" means "more than" with quantities. "Veinte kilos" — numbers are invariable.
el equipaje de mano
carry-on luggage
Solo llevo equipaje de mano para este viaje.
I'm only bringing carry-on luggage for this trip.
"Solo" functions as an adverb meaning "only." "Llevo" (present of "llevar") means "I carry/bring." "Para este viaje" — "para" indicates purpose.
la puerta de embarque
boarding gate
La puerta de embarque ha cambiado a la B12.
The boarding gate has changed to B12.
"Ha cambiado" is the present perfect (haber + past participle). "A la B12" uses "a" for destination/change.
la tarjeta de embarque
boarding pass
Puedes descargar la tarjeta de embarque en el móvil.
You can download the boarding pass on your phone.
"Puedes" is the tú form of "poder" (o→ue stem-changer). "Descargar" means "to download." "En el móvil" — "en" indicates location.
la aduana
customs
Hay que pasar por la aduana al llegar al país.
You have to go through customs when arriving in the country.
"Hay que + infinitive" is impersonal obligation ("one must"). "Al llegar" contracts "a + el" before the infinitive used as a noun ("upon arriving").
el control de pasaportes
passport control
La cola en el control de pasaportes era muy larga.
The queue at passport control was very long.
"La cola" means "the queue." "Era" is the imperfect of "ser," describing a past state. "Muy larga" — adjective agrees with feminine "cola."
el retraso
delay
El vuelo tiene un retraso de dos horas.
The flight has a two-hour delay.
"Tiene" is present of "tener." "De dos horas" — "de" introduces the measurement. Definite article "el" is used with "vuelo" as a specific known flight.
cancelar
to cancel
Han cancelado nuestro vuelo por la tormenta.
They have cancelled our flight because of the storm.
"Han cancelado" is the present perfect third-person plural. "Por" indicates cause/reason ("because of"). "La tormenta" — weather nouns use the definite article.
despegar
to take off
El avión va a despegar en diez minutos.
The plane is going to take off in ten minutes.
"Va a + infinitive" is the near future (ir a + infinitive). "En diez minutos" uses "en" for time until something happens.
aterrizar
to land
Aterrizamos en Barcelona a las tres de la tarde.
We land in Barcelona at three in the afternoon.
"Aterrizamos" is present tense describing a scheduled event. "A las tres de la tarde" — time expressions use "a las" + hour. "De la tarde" specifies the period.
la escala
layover / stopover
El vuelo tiene una escala de cuatro horas en Madrid.
The flight has a four-hour layover in Madrid.
"Tiene" here means "has." "De cuatro horas" specifies duration with "de." "En Madrid" — "en" for locations where something occurs.
la cinta de equipajes
baggage carousel
Espera la maleta en la cinta de equipajes número tres.
Wait for the suitcase at baggage carousel number three.
Imperative "espera" is the informal tú command. "En la cinta de equipajes número tres" — ordinal numbers follow the noun in airport/transport contexts.
el mostrador de facturación
check-in counter
El mostrador de facturación abre tres horas antes.
The check-in counter opens three hours before.
"Abre" is third-person present of "abrir." "Tres horas antes" — "antes" (before) with a time quantity. No preposition needed before "tres horas."
el pasaporte
passport
No olvides llevar el pasaporte al aeropuerto.
Don't forget to bring your passport to the airport.
"No olvides" is the negative tú imperative of "olvidar." Negative tú commands use the subjunctive form: "olvides." "Llevar" here means "to bring."
el visado
visa
Necesitas un visado para viajar a ese país.
You need a visa to travel to that country.
"Necesitas" is the tú form of "necesitar." "Para + infinitive" expresses purpose. "A ese país" — "a" indicates destination; "ese" is a demonstrative.
abrocharse el cinturón
to fasten one's seatbelt
Por favor, abróchense el cinturón para el aterrizaje.
Please fasten your seatbelts for landing.
"Abróchense" is the formal ustedes imperative of the reflexive verb "abrocharse." The pronoun "-se" attaches to the affirmative command. "Para" introduces purpose.
la sala de espera
waiting area / lounge
Esperamos en la sala de espera hasta que llamen nuestro vuelo.
We waited in the lounge until they called our flight.
"Esperamos" is preterite first-person plural. "Hasta que + subjunctive" is used for future/uncertain events: "llamen" (subjunctive of "llamar").
la conexión
connection (flight)
Perdimos la conexión por el retraso del primer vuelo.
We missed the connection because of the first flight's delay.
"Perdimos" is preterite of "perder" (e→ie in present, regular in preterite). "Por" indicates cause. "Del primer vuelo" — "del" contracts "de + el."
el equipaje extraviado
lost luggage
Fui a la oficina a reportar mi equipaje extraviado.
I went to the office to report my lost luggage.
"Fui" is the preterite of "ir" (irregular). "A la oficina" — "a" for destination. "A reportar" — "a" before an infinitive after verbs of motion.
el hotel
hotel
El hotel está cerca del centro de la ciudad.
The hotel is near the city centre.
"Está" (location) vs. "es" (identity/characteristics). "Cerca de" means "near" and requires "de." "Del centro" contracts "de + el."
la reserva
reservation / booking
Hice la reserva por internet la semana pasada.
I made the reservation online last week.
"Hice" is the preterite of "hacer" (irregular stem: hic-). "Por internet" — "por" indicates the medium. "La semana pasada" is a time expression triggering preterite.
la habitación doble
double room
Quiero una habitación doble para tres noches.
I want a double room for three nights.
"Quiero" is the yo form of "querer" (e→ie). "Para tres noches" — "para" indicates duration of intended stay.
la habitación individual
single room
Una habitación individual es más barata.
A single room is cheaper.
"Es más barata" — comparative with "más + adjective." "Barata" agrees with feminine "habitación."
registrarse
to check in (hotel)
Podemos registrarnos a partir de las tres.
We can check in from three o'clock.
"Podemos" is the nosotros form of "poder" (o→ue, but no change in nosotros). "Registrarnos" — reflexive pronoun attaches to infinitive. "A partir de" means "from/starting at."
dejar la habitación
to check out
Hay que dejar la habitación antes de las doce.
You have to check out before twelve.
"Hay que + infinitive" expresses impersonal obligation. "Antes de las doce" — "antes de" (before) + time.
la recepción
reception / front desk
Pregunta en la recepción si hay wifi gratis.
Ask at the front desk if there is free wifi.
"Pregunta" is the tú imperative of "preguntar." "Si" introduces an indirect question. "Hay" means "there is."
la llave de la habitación
room key
He perdido la llave de la habitación.
I have lost the room key.
"He perdido" is the present perfect (haber + perdido). The present perfect in Spanish expresses recent or relevant past events.
la piscina
swimming pool
¿A qué hora abre la piscina del hotel?
What time does the hotel pool open?
"¿A qué hora?" asks about time. "Abre" is third-person present of "abrir." "Del hotel" — "del" is the contraction of "de + el."
el desayuno incluido
breakfast included
El precio de la habitación tiene el desayuno incluido.
The room price has breakfast included.
"El precio" is the subject. "Tiene" means "has/includes." "Incluido" is the past participle of "incluir" used as an adjective, agreeing with "desayuno."
el ascensor
elevator / lift
El ascensor está al fondo del pasillo a la derecha.
The elevator is at the end of the hallway on the right.
"Está" indicates location. "Al fondo de" means "at the end/back of." "A la derecha" — "a" indicates direction.
la queja
complaint
Quiero poner una queja por el ruido de anoche.
I want to make a complaint about the noise last night.
"Quiero poner una queja" — "poner una queja" is an idiomatic expression meaning "to make a complaint." "Por" indicates cause.
la vista al mar
sea view
Queremos una habitación con vista al mar.
We want a room with a sea view.
"Queremos" is the nosotros form of "querer." "Con" means "with." "Vista al mar" — "al" contracts "a + el."
¿Dónde está...?
Where is...?
Perdone, ¿dónde está la estación de tren?
Excuse me, where is the train station?
"¿Dónde está?" uses "estar" for location. The accent on "dónde" marks it as an interrogative. "Perdone" is the formal usted imperative of "perdonar."
girar a la derecha
to turn right
Gire a la derecha en el semáforo.
Turn right at the traffic light.
"Gire" is the formal usted imperative of "girar." "A la derecha/izquierda" — "a" indicates direction. "En el semáforo" — "en" marks the reference point.
girar a la izquierda
to turn left
Gire a la izquierda después del puente.
Turn left after the bridge.
"Gire" is the formal usted imperative. "Después de" means "after." "Del puente" contracts "de + el."
seguir recto
to go straight
Siga recto dos manzanas y lo verá a la derecha.
Go straight two blocks and you'll see it on the right.
"Siga" is the formal usted imperative of "seguir" (e→i stem-changer). "Recto" is an adverb here. "Lo verá" — direct object pronoun "lo" + future tense.
la esquina
corner
La farmacia está en la esquina de esa calle.
The pharmacy is on the corner of that street.
"Está en la esquina" — "estar" for location. "De esa calle" — demonstrative "esa" agrees with feminine "calle."
la manzana
block (city)
El museo está a tres manzanas de aquí.
The museum is three blocks from here.
"Está a tres manzanas" — "a" + distance indicates how far. "De aquí" means "from here."
el cruce
intersection / crossroads
En el cruce, tome la segunda calle a la derecha.
At the intersection, take the second street on the right.
"En el cruce" — "en" for location. "Tome" is the formal usted imperative of "tomar." "La segunda calle" — ordinal number agrees with feminine "calle."
el semáforo
traffic light
Cruce en el semáforo y siga todo recto.
Cross at the traffic light and keep going straight.
"Cruce" is the formal usted imperative of "cruzar." "Siga" is the formal imperative of "seguir." "Todo recto" means "straight ahead."
el mapa
map
¿Tiene un mapa de la ciudad?
Do you have a map of the city?
"¿Tiene?" is the formal usted form of "tener." "Un mapa" — "mapa" is masculine despite ending in -a (Greek origin). "De la ciudad" specifies type.
perdido
lost
Estoy perdido, ¿puede ayudarme?
I'm lost, can you help me?
"Estoy perdido" uses "estar" + adjective for a state/condition. "¿Puede ayudarme?" — "poder + infinitive" for requests. Pronoun "me" attaches to the infinitive.
al lado de
next to
El banco está al lado del supermercado.
The bank is next to the supermarket.
"Al lado de" is a compound preposition meaning "next to." "Del supermercado" contracts "de + el." "Está" locates the bank.
enfrente de
in front of / across from
La parada de autobús está enfrente del hotel.
The bus stop is across from the hotel.
"Enfrente de" is a compound preposition meaning "across from." "La parada de autobús" — "de" links the nouns.
cerca de
near / close to
¿Hay un cajero automático cerca de aquí?
Is there an ATM near here?
"¿Hay?" asks about existence. "Cerca de aquí" — compound preposition meaning "near here."
lejos de
far from
La playa está lejos del centro; necesitas un taxi.
The beach is far from the centre; you need a taxi.
"Lejos de" is a compound preposition meaning "far from." "Necesitas" — present tense for general truth. "Un taxi" — indefinite article.
la rotonda
roundabout
Tome la segunda salida en la rotonda.
Take the second exit at the roundabout.
"Tome" is the formal usted imperative. "La segunda salida" — ordinal before noun. "En la rotonda" — "en" for location.
el puente
bridge
Cruza el puente y el parque está a la izquierda.
Cross the bridge and the park is on the left.
"Cruza" is the tú imperative. "Está a la izquierda" — "estar" for location with "a la izquierda" indicating direction.
pedir indicaciones
to ask for directions
Voy a pedir indicaciones a aquel policía.
I'm going to ask that police officer for directions.
"Voy a + infinitive" for near future. "A aquel policía" — "aquel" is a demonstrative adjective for something far away. Personal "a" before the person.
¿Cómo llego a...?
How do I get to...?
¿Cómo llego a la plaza mayor desde aquí?
How do I get to the main square from here?
"¿Cómo llego a?" asks for directions using first-person present. "Desde aquí" means "from here." "Llego" is the yo form of "llegar."
el restaurante
restaurant
Encontramos un restaurante muy bueno cerca de la playa.
We found a very good restaurant near the beach.
"Encontramos" is preterite of "encontrar." "Muy bueno" — adverb + adjective. "Cerca de la playa" — compound preposition.
la carta
menu
¿Nos puede traer la carta, por favor?
Can you bring us the menu, please?
"¿Nos puede traer?" — indirect object pronoun "nos" + modal "poder." "Por favor" is a polite addition to requests.
el menú del día
set menu / daily special
El menú del día cuesta doce euros con bebida.
The daily special costs twelve euros with a drink.
"Cuesta" is the third-person present of "costar" (o→ue). "Con bebida" — "con" means "with." "Doce euros" — currency follows the number.
pedir la cuenta
to ask for the bill
Perdone, ¿podemos pedir la cuenta?
Excuse me, can we ask for the bill?
"Perdone" is the formal imperative of "perdonar." "¿Podemos + infinitive?" is a polite request. "Pedir" is an e→i stem-changer.
la propina
tip (gratuity)
Dejé dos euros de propina en la mesa.
I left a two-euro tip on the table.
"Dejé" is the preterite yo form of "dejar." "Dos euros de propina" — "de" specifies what kind. "En la mesa" — "en" for location.
reservar una mesa
to reserve a table
Quiero reservar una mesa para cuatro personas.
I want to reserve a table for four people.
"Quiero + infinitive" expresses desire. "Para cuatro personas" — "para" indicates for whom/how many.
el camarero
waiter
El camarero nos recomendó el pescado del día.
The waiter recommended the fish of the day to us.
"Nos recomendó" — indirect object pronoun "nos" + preterite of "recomendar." "El pescado del día" — "del" contracts "de + el."
sin gluten
gluten-free
¿Tienen opciones sin gluten en la carta?
Do you have gluten-free options on the menu?
"¿Tienen?" is the formal ustedes/ellos form. "Sin" means "without." "En la carta" — "en" for location.
vegetariano
vegetarian
Soy vegetariano, ¿qué platos me recomienda?
I'm vegetarian, which dishes do you recommend?
"Soy" uses "ser" for permanent characteristics. "¿Qué platos me recomienda?" — interrogative "qué" + indirect object "me" + formal "recomienda."
alergia alimentaria
food allergy
Tengo una alergia alimentaria a los frutos secos.
I have a food allergy to nuts.
"Tengo" is first-person present of "tener." "A los frutos secos" — "a" introduces what the allergy is to. Article "los" is used with general categories.
para llevar
to go / takeaway
¿Puedo pedir esta comida para llevar?
Can I order this food to go?
"¿Puedo + infinitive?" is a polite request. "Para llevar" is a fixed phrase meaning "to go/takeaway."
la terraza
terrace / outdoor seating
¿Podemos sentarnos en la terraza?
Can we sit on the terrace?
"¿Podemos + infinitive?" is a polite request using "poder." "Sentarnos" — reflexive pronoun attaches to infinitive. "En la terraza" — "en" for location.
¿Qué me recomienda?
What do you recommend?
Es mi primera vez aquí, ¿qué me recomienda?
It's my first time here, what do you recommend?
"¿Qué me recomienda?" uses "recomendar" (e→ie stem-changer) in formal usted. "Me" is an indirect object pronoun. "Es mi primera vez" — "ser" for characteristics.
la tienda de recuerdos
souvenir shop
Compré unos imanes en la tienda de recuerdos.
I bought some magnets at the souvenir shop.
"Compré" is the preterite yo form of "comprar." "Unos imanes" — "unos" is the indefinite plural article ("some"). "En" for location.
¿Cuánto cuesta?
How much does it cost?
¿Cuánto cuesta esta camiseta?
How much does this T-shirt cost?
"¿Cuánto cuesta?" — "cuánto" is interrogative. "Cuesta" is third-person of "costar" (o→ue). "Esta camiseta" — demonstrative "esta" agrees with feminine noun.
regatear
to bargain / to haggle
En el mercado puedes regatear el precio.
At the market you can haggle the price.
"En el mercado" — "en" for location. "Puedes + infinitive" — ability. "Regatear el precio" — direct object follows the verb.
el descuento
discount
¿Hay algún descuento si compro dos?
Is there a discount if I buy two?
"¿Hay algún descuento?" — "hay" for existence, "algún" is apocopated "alguno" before masculine singular noun. "Si" introduces a condition.
devolver
to return (an item)
¿Puedo devolver este artículo si no me queda bien?
Can I return this item if it doesn't fit?
"¿Puedo + infinitive?" — polite request. "Si no me queda bien" — "quedar" means "to fit" with indirect pronoun "me." Conditional "si" + present indicative.
el recibo
receipt
Guarda el recibo por si necesitas devolver algo.
Keep the receipt in case you need to return something.
"Guarda" is the tú imperative. "Por si" means "in case." "Necesitas devolver" — "necesitar + infinitive."
pagar en efectivo
to pay in cash
¿Puedo pagar en efectivo o solo con tarjeta?
Can I pay in cash or only by card?
"¿Puedo?" asks for permission. "En efectivo" means "in cash." "Solo con tarjeta" — "solo" means "only."
pagar con tarjeta
to pay by card
Quiero pagar con tarjeta de crédito.
I want to pay by credit card.
"Quiero + infinitive" for desire. "Con tarjeta de crédito" — "con" means "with." "De crédito" specifies the card type.
el mercado
market
El mercado central tiene frutas muy frescas.
The central market has very fresh fruit.
"El mercado central" — adjective after noun. "Tiene" means "has." "Muy frescas" — adjective agrees with feminine plural "frutas."
el recuerdo
souvenir
Quiero comprar un recuerdo para mi familia.
I want to buy a souvenir for my family.
"Quiero + infinitive" for desire. "Comprar un recuerdo" — direct object. "Para mi familia" — "para" indicates the recipient.
There is a currency exchange at the train station.
"Hay" means "there is." "En la estación de tren" — "en" for location. "De tren" specifies the station type.
el tren
train
El tren a Sevilla sale a las diez.
The train to Seville departs at ten.
"El tren a Sevilla" — "a" for destination. "Sale" is present of "salir." "A las diez" — time expression.
la estación de tren
train station
¿Puede llevarme a la estación de tren?
Can you take me to the train station?
"¿Puede llevarme?" — formal request with "poder." "Me" is a direct object pronoun. "A la estación" — "a" for destination.
el autobús
bus
El autobús número cinco va al centro.
Bus number five goes to the centre.
"El número cinco" — the number follows the noun. "Va al centro" — "ir a" for destination; "al" contracts "a + el."
la parada de autobús
bus stop
La parada de autobús está al final de la calle.
The bus stop is at the end of the street.
"Está" for location. "Al final de la calle" — "al" contracts "a + el." "De la calle" — "de" specifies which end.
el taxi
taxi
Vamos a coger un taxi al aeropuerto.
Let's take a taxi to the airport.
"Vamos a + infinitive" — near future with nosotros. "Coger un taxi" — "coger" means "to take" in Spain. "Al aeropuerto" — destination.
el taxímetro
taxi meter
Asegúrate de que el taxista encienda el taxímetro.
Make sure the taxi driver turns on the meter.
"Asegúrate de que" — reflexive imperative + subjunctive clause. "Encienda" is the subjunctive of "encender" (e→ie). The subjunctive follows "asegúrate de que."
alquilar un coche
to rent a car
Queremos alquilar un coche para recorrer la costa.
We want to rent a car to drive along the coast.
"Queremos + infinitive" — desire. "Para recorrer" — "para" + infinitive for purpose. "La costa" — definite article with geographic features.
el billete
ticket (transport)
¿Dónde puedo comprar un billete de tren?
Where can I buy a train ticket?
"¿Dónde puedo?" — interrogative + modal. "Comprar" — infinitive after modal. "Un billete de tren" — "de" specifies the ticket type.
el billete de ida y vuelta
round-trip ticket
Un billete de ida y vuelta a Valencia, por favor.
A round-trip ticket to Valencia, please.
"Un billete de ida y vuelta" — compound noun phrase. "A Valencia" — "a" for destination. "Por favor" adds politeness.
el billete de ida
one-way ticket
Solo necesito un billete de ida.
I only need a one-way ticket.
"Solo" means "only." "Necesito" is first-person present of "necesitar." "Un billete de ida" — "de ida" means "one-way."
el andén
platform
El tren sale del andén número cuatro.
The train departs from platform number four.
"Sale del andén" — "de" for origin; "del" contracts "de + el." "Número cuatro" — the number follows the noun.
el metro
subway / underground
El metro es la forma más rápida de moverse por la ciudad.
The subway is the fastest way to get around the city.
"El metro es" uses "ser" for definitions/characteristics. "La forma más rápida" — superlative. "De moverse" — "de" + infinitive.
la línea
line (metro/bus)
Toma la línea tres hasta la última parada.
Take line three to the last stop.
"Toma" is the tú imperative of "tomar." "La línea tres" — number after noun. "Hasta la última parada" — "hasta" means "until/to."
hacer transbordo
to transfer / to change (transport)
Tienes que hacer transbordo en la estación Sol.
You have to transfer at Sol station.
"Tienes que + infinitive" — obligation. "En la estación Sol" — "en" for location. Station names typically omit articles.
el abono de transporte
transport pass
Compra un abono de transporte para toda la semana.
Buy a transport pass for the whole week.
"Compra" is the tú imperative. "Para toda la semana" — "para" for duration. "Toda la semana" — "todo/a" + definite article + noun.
el carné de conducir
driving licence
Necesitas un carné de conducir internacional para alquilar un coche.
You need an international driving licence to rent a car.
"Necesitas" — present tense obligation. "Un carné de conducir internacional" — adjective after noun. "Para + infinitive" — purpose.
la gasolinera
petrol station / gas station
¿Hay una gasolinera cerca de aquí?
Is there a petrol station near here?
"¿Hay?" asks about existence. "Cerca de aquí" — compound preposition. The question expects a yes/no answer or location.
el seguro del coche
car insurance
El seguro del coche está incluido en el precio del alquiler.
The car insurance is included in the rental price.
"Está incluido" uses "estar" + past participle for a state. "En el precio del alquiler" — nested possessive with "de."
el aparcamiento
parking / car park
¿El hotel tiene aparcamiento gratuito?
Does the hotel have free parking?
"¿El hotel tiene?" — direct question about possession. "Aparcamiento gratuito" — adjective after noun means "free parking."
la emergencia
emergency
En caso de emergencia, llame al 112.
In case of emergency, call 112.
"En caso de" is a prepositional phrase meaning "in case of." "Llame" is the formal usted imperative. "Al 112" — "a" + "el" contracts to "al" before the number.
la policía
police
Necesito hablar con la policía; me han robado.
I need to talk to the police; I've been robbed.
"Necesito + infinitive" — need. "Hablar con" — "con" means "with." "Me han robado" — present perfect passive with indirect object "me."
el hospital
hospital
¿Dónde está el hospital más cercano?
Where is the nearest hospital?
"¿Dónde está?" — "estar" for location. "El más cercano" — superlative with "más + adjective." "Cercano" agrees with masculine "hospital."
la farmacia
pharmacy
Necesito ir a la farmacia a comprar medicina.
I need to go to the pharmacy to buy medicine.
"Necesito + infinitive" — necessity. "Ir a" — "a" for destination. "A comprar" — "a" before infinitive after verbs of motion.
llamar a una ambulancia
to call an ambulance
Por favor, llame a una ambulancia, es urgente.
Please call an ambulance, it's urgent.
"Por favor" for politeness. "Llame" is the formal usted imperative. "A una ambulancia" — personal/animate "a" is optional here; usage varies.
la denuncia
police report
Tengo que poner una denuncia por robo.
I have to file a police report for theft.
"Tengo que + infinitive" — obligation. "Poner una denuncia" — idiomatic expression. "Por robo" — "por" indicates the reason.
me han robado
I've been robbed
¡Ayuda! Me han robado la cartera.
Help! I've been robbed of my wallet.
"Me han robado" is the present perfect with indirect object "me." "¡Ayuda!" is an exclamation. "La cartera" — specific item uses definite article.
he perdido mi...
I've lost my...
He perdido mi teléfono en el autobús.
I've lost my phone on the bus.
"He perdido" is the present perfect (haber + perdido). "Mi" is a possessive adjective. "En el autobús" — "en" for location.
la oficina de objetos perdidos
lost and found office
Fui a la oficina de objetos perdidos a buscar mi bolso.
I went to the lost and found office to look for my bag.
"Fui a" — preterite of "ir" + destination. "A buscar" — "a" + infinitive after verbs of motion. "Mi bolso" — possessive + noun.
el seguro de viaje
travel insurance
¿Tienes seguro de viaje para este viaje?
Do you have travel insurance for this trip?
"¿Tienes?" is the tú form of "tener." "Para este viaje" — "para" with a specific trip. The question checks possession.
necesito un médico
I need a doctor
No me siento bien, necesito un médico.
I don't feel well, I need a doctor.
"No me siento bien" — reflexive verb "sentirse" (e→ie). "Necesito" — first-person present of "necesitar."
el consulado
consulate
Fui al consulado a pedir un pasaporte nuevo.
I went to the consulate to request a new passport.
"Fui a" — preterite of "ir." "A pedir" — "a" + infinitive of purpose. "Un pasaporte nuevo" — adjective after noun.
la embajada
embassy
La embajada de mi país está en Madrid.
My country's embassy is in Madrid.
"La embajada de mi país" — possession with "de." "Está en Madrid" — "estar" for location.
¡Socorro!
Help!
¡Socorro! Alguien me está siguiendo.
Help! Someone is following me.
"¡Socorro!" is an exclamation. "Alguien" means "someone." "Me está siguiendo" — present progressive (estar + gerund) with indirect object.
el robo
theft / robbery
Hubo un robo en el hotel anoche.
There was a robbery at the hotel last night.
"Hubo" is the preterite of "haber" (impersonal "there was"). "Anoche" means "last night" and triggers preterite.
estar enfermo
to be sick / ill
Estoy enfermo y necesito descansar.
I'm sick and I need to rest.
"Estoy enfermo" uses "estar" for temporary states/conditions. "Necesito + infinitive" — necessity. "Descansar" means "to rest."
la urgencia
emergency room / urgent care
Llevaron al niño a urgencias del hospital.
They took the child to the hospital emergency room.
"Llevaron" is the preterite of "llevar." "Al niño" — personal "a" before a person. "A urgencias" — "a" for destination. "Del hospital" — "de + el."
el museo
museum
El museo abre de martes a domingo.
The museum is open from Tuesday to Sunday.
"Abre" is third-person present of "abrir." "De martes a domingo" — "de...a" expresses a range ("from...to").
la entrada
ticket (admission) / entrance
¿Cuánto cuesta la entrada al museo?
How much is the admission ticket to the museum?
"¿Cuánto cuesta?" — "costar" (o→ue). "La entrada al museo" — "al" contracts "a + el." "Al" here can mean "to" or "for" the museum.
la visita guiada
guided tour
Hay una visita guiada en inglés a las once.
There is a guided tour in English at eleven.
"Hay" means "there is." "En inglés" — "en" for language. "A las once" — time expression with feminine article.
el monumento
monument
Este monumento tiene más de quinientos años.
This monument is more than five hundred years old.
"Este monumento" — demonstrative "este." "Tiene más de" — "más de" before numbers means "more than." "Quinientos años" — "quinientos" has gender agreement.
la catedral
cathedral
La catedral de Sevilla es impresionante.
The Seville cathedral is impressive.
"La catedral de Sevilla" — "de" indicates possession/origin. "Es impresionante" — "ser" for characteristics.
el castillo
castle
Subimos al castillo para ver las vistas de la ciudad.
We went up to the castle to see the views of the city.
"Subimos" is preterite. "Al castillo" — "a + el." "Para ver las vistas" — "para + infinitive" for purpose. "De la ciudad" — "de" for origin.
la plaza
square / plaza
La plaza mayor es el centro de la vida social.
The main square is the centre of social life.
"La plaza mayor" — "mayor" means "main/major" when after a noun. "Es" uses "ser" for definitions.
la iglesia
church
Visitamos una iglesia del siglo diecisiete.
We visited a church from the seventeenth century.
"Visitamos" is preterite. "Una iglesia del siglo diecisiete" — "del" contracts "de + el." Centuries use cardinal numbers in Spanish.
el mirador
viewpoint / lookout
Desde el mirador se ve toda la ciudad.
From the viewpoint you can see the whole city.
"Desde" means "from." "Se ve" is impersonal passive "se" — "one can see / you can see." "Toda la ciudad" — "todo/a" + article + noun.
sacar fotos
to take photos
¿Está permitido sacar fotos dentro del museo?
Is it allowed to take photos inside the museum?
"¿Está permitido + infinitive?" — "estar + past participle" for rules/states. "Dentro de" means "inside."
la excursión
excursion / day trip
Hicimos una excursión de un día a Toledo.
We did a day trip to Toledo.
"Hicimos" is the preterite of "hacer" (irregular: hic-). "Una excursión de un día" — "de" specifies duration. "A Toledo" — "a" for destination.
el guía turístico
tour guide
El guía turístico habla tres idiomas.
The tour guide speaks three languages.
"El guía" is masculine when referring to a male guide. "Habla" is third-person present. "Tres idiomas" — number + noun.
la oficina de turismo
tourist office
La oficina de turismo tiene mapas y folletos gratis.
The tourist office has free maps and brochures.
"Tiene" — present of "tener." "Mapas y folletos gratis" — "gratis" is invariable (no gender/number change).
el horario de apertura
opening hours
¿Cuál es el horario de apertura del palacio?
What are the opening hours of the palace?
"¿Cuál es?" asks "what is?" for selection. "Del palacio" — "de + el." "De apertura" — "de" + noun as modifier.
la entrada gratuita
free admission
Los domingos hay entrada gratuita al museo.
On Sundays there is free admission to the museum.
"Los domingos" — definite article + day for recurring events. "Hay" — existence. "Entrada gratuita" — adjective agrees with feminine "entrada."
el palacio
palace
El palacio real está abierto para visitas.
The royal palace is open for visits.
"El palacio real" — "real" means "royal." "Está abierto" — "estar" + adjective for states. "Para visitas" — "para" for purpose.
las ruinas
ruins
Las ruinas romanas están muy bien conservadas.
The Roman ruins are very well preserved.
"Las ruinas romanas" — adjective agrees with feminine plural. "Están" — "estar" for condition. "Muy bien conservadas" — adverb + participle agreeing in gender/number.
el barrio antiguo
old town / historic quarter
Me encanta pasear por el barrio antiguo.
I love walking through the old town.
"Me encanta + infinitive" — "encantar" works like "gustar." "Pasear por" — "por" indicates movement through an area.
la atracción turística
tourist attraction
La Sagrada Familia es la atracción turística más famosa de Barcelona.
The Sagrada Familia is the most famous tourist attraction in Barcelona.
"Es" uses "ser" for definitions. "La más famosa" — superlative with definite article. "De Barcelona" — "de" for location.
hacer cola
to queue / to stand in line
Tuvimos que hacer cola una hora para entrar.
We had to queue for an hour to get in.
"Tuvimos que + infinitive" — preterite of "tener que." "Una hora" specifies duration. "Para entrar" — "para" + infinitive for purpose.
el viaje
trip / journey
Este viaje a España es inolvidable.
This trip to Spain is unforgettable.
"Este viaje" — demonstrative. "A España" — "a" for destination. "Es inolvidable" — "ser" + adjective for inherent quality.
el turista
tourist
Hay muchos turistas en verano en la costa.
There are many tourists in summer on the coast.
"Hay" — existence/quantity. "Muchos turistas" — "mucho" agrees in gender/number. "En verano" — "en" for seasons.
el destino
destination
¿Cuál es tu destino de vacaciones este año?
What is your holiday destination this year?
"¿Cuál es?" — interrogative for selection. "Tu destino" — possessive "tu." "De vacaciones" — "de" specifies the type.
la temporada alta
high season / peak season
Los hoteles son más caros en temporada alta.
Hotels are more expensive in high season.
"Son más caros" — "ser" for price characteristics. "En temporada alta" — "en" for time periods.
la temporada baja
low season / off-season
Es mejor viajar en temporada baja para ahorrar dinero.
It's better to travel in low season to save money.
"Es mejor + infinitive" — impersonal advice. "Para ahorrar dinero" — "para" + infinitive for purpose.
hacer las maletas
to pack (suitcases)
Tenemos que hacer las maletas esta noche.
We have to pack the suitcases tonight.
"Tenemos que + infinitive" — nosotros obligation. "Esta noche" — demonstrative time expression.
la guía de viaje
travel guide (book)
Compré una guía de viaje de España.
I bought a travel guide for Spain.
"Compré" is preterite yo form. "Una guía de viaje" — "de viaje" specifies the type. "De España" — "de" for geographic scope.
Esta es muy grande. ¿Tienen una talla más pequeña?
This is very big. Do you have a smaller size?
"¿Tienen?" — formal/plural present. "Una talla más pequeña" — comparative structure. "Esta es muy grande" — demonstrative pronoun "esta."
la tasa de cambio
exchange rate
¿Cuál es la tasa de cambio hoy?
What is the exchange rate today?
"¿Cuál es?" — interrogative for specific information. "La tasa de cambio" — compound noun with "de." "Hoy" means "today."
el cajero automático
ATM / cash machine
Necesito buscar un cajero automático para sacar dinero.
I need to find an ATM to withdraw money.
"Necesito + infinitive" — necessity. "Buscar" means "to find/look for." "Para sacar dinero" — "para" + infinitive for purpose. "Sacar dinero" means "to withdraw money."
el pasajero
passenger
Todos los pasajeros deben mostrar su billete.
All passengers must show their ticket.
"Todos los pasajeros" — "todos" + definite article + noun means "all the." "Deben + infinitive" — obligation. "Mostrar" means "to show."
la tarjeta de crédito
credit card
¿Aceptan tarjeta de crédito aquí?
Do you accept credit cards here?
"¿Aceptan?" — third-person plural present, addressing the establishment. "Aquí" means "here." "Tarjeta de crédito" — compound noun.
cambiar dinero
to exchange money
¿Dónde puedo cambiar dinero cerca de aquí?
Where can I exchange money near here?
"¿Dónde puedo?" — interrogative + modal. "Cambiar dinero" — direct object. "Cerca de aquí" — compound preposition for proximity.
no funciona
it doesn't work
La ducha no funciona; necesitamos otra habitación.
The shower doesn't work; we need another room.
"No funciona" — negation before the verb. "Necesitamos" — nosotros present. "Otra habitación" — "otro/a" means "another."
incluir
to include
¿El precio incluye el desayuno?
Does the price include breakfast?
"¿Incluye?" — third-person present of "incluir." "El precio" is the subject. "El desayuno" is the direct object. The question inverts the typical word order.
el horario
timetable / schedule
¿Puede darme el horario de autobuses?
Can you give me the bus timetable?
"¿Puede darme?" — formal request with "poder + infinitive." "Me" is an indirect object pronoun. "De autobuses" — "de" specifies the type.
perder el tren
to miss the train
¡Corre, que vamos a perder el tren!
Run, we're going to miss the train!
"¡Corre!" is the tú imperative of "correr." "Que vamos a" — "que" introduces the reason. "Ir a + infinitive" — near future.
el peaje
toll (road)
Hay que pagar peaje en esta autopista.
You have to pay a toll on this motorway.
"Hay que + infinitive" — impersonal obligation. "Pagar peaje" — no article needed with uncountable/generic nouns after "pagar." "En esta autopista" — "en" for location.
la foto
photo
¿Puede sacarnos una foto, por favor?
Can you take a photo of us, please?
"¿Puede sacarnos una foto?" — formal request. "Nos" is indirect object pronoun attached to the infinitive. "Por favor" for politeness.
el parque nacional
national park
El parque nacional tiene rutas para caminar.
The national park has walking routes.
"El parque nacional" — adjective after noun. "Tiene" — possession. "Rutas para caminar" — "para + infinitive" for purpose.
probar la comida local
to try the local food
Me gusta probar la comida local cuando viajo.
I like to try the local food when I travel.
"Me gusta + infinitive" — expressing likes. "Cuando viajo" — "cuando" + present for habitual actions. "Probar" means "to try/taste."
reservar
to book / to reserve
Voy a reservar una habitación en ese hotel.
I am going to book a room at that hotel.
"Ir a + infinitive" expresses near-future intention. "Reservar" is a regular -ar verb.
alojarse
to stay (lodging)
Nos alojamos en un hostal cerca de la estación.
We are staying at a hostel near the station.
"Alojarse" is a reflexive verb. The pronoun "nos" matches the subject "nosotros." Present tense describes a current or habitual action.
hospedarse
to lodge / to stay
Se hospedaron en una casa rural durante las vacaciones.
They stayed at a rural house during the holidays.
"Hospedarse" is reflexive. "Se hospedaron" is the third-person plural preterite, indicating a completed past action.
embarcar
to board (plane/ship)
Los pasajeros empezaron a embarcar por la puerta B5.
The passengers started boarding through gate B5.
"Empezar a + infinitive" means "to start to." "Empezaron" is preterite of "empezar," an e→ie stem-changer (but the change only occurs in present tense).
desembarcar
to disembark / to get off
Desembarcamos del avión y fuimos directamente a la aduana.
We got off the plane and went directly to customs.
Two preterite verbs joined by "y." "Desembarcamos" uses the same form for present and preterite in first-person plural -ar verbs; context clarifies the tense.
facturar
to check in (luggage)
Tienes que facturar las maletas antes de las siete.
You have to check in the suitcases before seven.
"Tener que + infinitive" expresses obligation ("have to"). "Tienes" is the tú form of "tener" (e→ie stem-changer).
reclamar
to claim (luggage) / to complain
Puedes reclamar tu equipaje en la planta baja.
You can claim your luggage on the ground floor.
"Poder + infinitive" expresses ability or permission. "Puedes" is the tú form of "poder" (o→ue stem-changer).
pagar
to pay
¿Se puede pagar con tarjeta en este restaurante?
Can you pay by card in this restaurant?
"¿Se puede + infinitive?" is an impersonal construction meaning "is it possible to...?" or "can one...?" Very common for asking about rules.
navegar
to sail / to navigate
Navegamos por la costa durante toda la mañana.
We sailed along the coast all morning.
"Navegamos" in preterite narrates a completed past event. "Durante toda la mañana" specifies the time span.
conducir
to drive
No me gusta conducir por la noche en carreteras desconocidas.
I don't like driving at night on unknown roads.
"Conducir" has an irregular yo form: "conduzco." Here the infinitive follows "gustar." "Me gusta + infinitive" means "I like to..."
alquilar
to rent / to hire
Alquilamos unas bicicletas para recorrer la isla.
We rented some bicycles to explore the island.
"Para + infinitive" expresses purpose ("in order to"). "Alquilamos" is preterite first-person plural of this regular -ar verb.
aparcar
to park
Es difícil aparcar en el centro durante el verano.
It is difficult to park in the centre during summer.
"Es + adjective + infinitive" is an impersonal structure meaning "it is [adj] to [verb]." "Aparcar" is regular but has a c→qu spelling change in the preterite yo form: "aparqué."
recorrer
to travel through / to cover (distance)
Recorrimos todo el sur de España en dos semanas.
We travelled through the whole south of Spain in two weeks.
"Recorrimos" is preterite of the regular -er verb "recorrer." "Todo el sur" uses the masculine article because "sur" (south) is masculine.
explorar
to explore
Queremos explorar los pueblos pequeños de la región.
We want to explore the small towns of the region.
"Querer + infinitive" expresses desire. "Queremos" is the nosotros form of "querer" (e→ie stem-changer, but no change in nosotros).
orientarse
to get one's bearings / to orient oneself
Es fácil orientarse en esta ciudad con un buen mapa.
It's easy to get your bearings in this city with a good map.
"Orientarse" is reflexive. In infinitive form the pronoun attaches to the end: "orientarse." "Es fácil + infinitive" = "it's easy to..."
perderse
to get lost
Nos perdimos en las calles del barrio antiguo.
We got lost in the streets of the old town.
"Perderse" is reflexive with an e→ie stem change in present tense. "Nos perdimos" is preterite (no stem change in preterite for -er/-ir e→ie verbs).
preguntar
to ask (a question)
Voy a preguntar a alguien cómo llegar a la plaza.
I'm going to ask someone how to get to the square.
"Ir a + infinitive" for near future. "Preguntar a alguien" requires the personal "a" before the person being asked.
indicar
to indicate / to point out
El policía nos indicó el camino al museo.
The police officer pointed out the way to the museum for us.
"Nos indicó" uses an indirect object pronoun. "Indicar" has a c→qu spelling change in the preterite yo form: "indiqué."
señalar
to point at / to signal
El guía señaló la torre más antigua de la ciudad.
The guide pointed at the oldest tower in the city.
"Señaló" is the preterite third-person singular of the regular -ar verb "señalar." "Más antigua" is the superlative form ("the oldest").
recomendar
to recommend
¿Me recomienda algún restaurante por aquí?
Do you recommend any restaurant around here?
"Recomendar" is an e→ie stem-changing verb: "recomienda." "Me" is an indirect object pronoun ("to me"). "Algún" is the apocopated form of "alguno" before masculine singular nouns.
disfrutar
to enjoy
Disfrutamos mucho de la visita al casco antiguo.
We really enjoyed the visit to the old town.
"Disfrutar de" takes the preposition "de" before its object. "Disfrutamos" is preterite first-person plural of this regular -ar verb.
fotografiar
to photograph
Está prohibido fotografiar dentro de esta capilla.
It is forbidden to photograph inside this chapel.
"Está prohibido + infinitive" means "it is forbidden to." "Prohibido" is a past participle used as an adjective with "estar."
tramitar
to process / to arrange (documents)
Hay que tramitar el visado con un mes de antelación.
You have to process the visa a month in advance.
"Hay que + infinitive" is impersonal obligation ("one must"). "Con un mes de antelación" is an idiomatic time expression.
asegurar
to ensure / to insure
Asegúrate de llevar todos los documentos necesarios.
Make sure you bring all the necessary documents.
"Asegúrate de + infinitive" is a reflexive imperative (tú) meaning "make sure to." The accent on "asegúrate" follows pronoun-attachment stress rules.
confirmar
to confirm
Llamé al hotel para confirmar mi reserva.
I called the hotel to confirm my reservation.
"Para + infinitive" expresses purpose. "Llamé" is the preterite yo form of the regular -ar verb "llamar."
viajar
to travel
Me encanta viajar a países donde se habla español.
I love travelling to countries where Spanish is spoken.
"Me encanta + infinitive" means "I love to." "Donde se habla" is a passive "se" construction meaning "where [it] is spoken."
alojar
to accommodate / to house
Este hotel puede alojar hasta doscientos huéspedes.
This hotel can accommodate up to two hundred guests.
"Poder + infinitive" expresses capability. "Hasta" means "up to." "Doscientos" agrees in gender with "huéspedes" (masculine plural).
llegar
to arrive
Llegamos al aeropuerto con tiempo de sobra.
We arrived at the airport with time to spare.
"Llegar a" requires the preposition "a" before destinations. "Llegamos" is preterite. "Con tiempo de sobra" is an idiomatic phrase meaning "with time to spare."
salir
to leave / to depart
El autobús sale a las nueve en punto de la estación.
The bus leaves at nine o'clock sharp from the station.
"Salir" has an irregular yo form: "salgo." Here it is third-person present: "sale." "En punto" means "sharp" or "on the dot."
cruzar
to cross
Cruza el puente y verás la catedral a tu izquierda.
Cross the bridge and you will see the cathedral on your left.
"Cruza" is the tú imperative. "Verás" is the future tense of "ver." The imperative + future combination gives informal directions.
turístico
tourist (adj.) / touristy
Esta zona es muy turística y tiene muchos restaurantes.
This area is very touristy and has many restaurants.
"Turístico" changes to "turística" to agree with the feminine noun "zona." "Muy" is an adverb modifying the adjective.
pintoresco
picturesque
Encontramos un pueblo pintoresco en la montaña.
We found a picturesque village in the mountains.
"Pintoresco" is a regular adjective placed after the noun it modifies. "Encontramos" is preterite of "encontrar" (o→ue in present, but regular in preterite).
acogedor
cozy / welcoming
El hotel es pequeño pero muy acogedor.
The hotel is small but very cozy.
"Acogedor" ends in a consonant, so the feminine form adds -a: "acogedora." "Pero" introduces a contrast. "Muy" intensifies the adjective.
céntrico
central / centrally located
Buscamos un hotel céntrico para no necesitar transporte.
We are looking for a centrally located hotel so we don't need transport.
"Para no + infinitive" expresses negative purpose ("so as not to"). "Buscamos" in present tense describes an ongoing search.
accesible
accessible
El museo es accesible para personas con movilidad reducida.
The museum is accessible for people with reduced mobility.
"Accesible" is invariable in gender (same for masculine and feminine). "Para" introduces the beneficiary.
económico
affordable / economical
Este hostal es económico y está bien ubicado.
This hostel is affordable and is well located.
"Económico" agrees in gender/number with the subject. "Bien ubicado" is an adverb + past participle combination meaning "well located."
lujoso
luxurious
Se alojaron en un hotel lujoso con vistas al mar.
They stayed at a luxurious hotel with sea views.
"Lujoso" is a regular adjective. "Se alojaron" is the preterite of the reflexive verb "alojarse" in third-person plural.
disponible
available
¿Hay habitaciones disponibles para este fin de semana?
Are there rooms available for this weekend?
"Disponible" is invariable in gender but takes plural -s: "disponibles." "¿Hay...?" asks about existence ("are there...?").
incluido
included
El desayuno está incluido en el precio de la habitación.
Breakfast is included in the price of the room.
"Incluido" is the past participle of "incluir" used as an adjective with "estar." It agrees in gender/number with the subject: "incluida" for feminine.
directo
direct (non-stop)
Prefiero un vuelo directo aunque sea más caro.
I prefer a direct flight even if it is more expensive.
"Aunque + subjunctive" expresses concession with uncertainty ("even if"). "Sea" is the subjunctive of "ser." "Más caro" is the comparative.
nocturno
night (adj.) / nocturnal
Tomamos el tren nocturno de Madrid a Lisboa.
We took the night train from Madrid to Lisbon.
"Nocturno" functions as an adjective modifying "tren." "Tomamos" is preterite here, meaning "we took."
ida y vuelta
round-trip
Un billete de ida y vuelta es más barato que dos de ida.
A round-trip ticket is cheaper than two one-way tickets.
"Ida y vuelta" is a fixed phrase used as an adjective. "Más barato que" is the comparative structure ("cheaper than"). "Dos de ida" omits "billetes" (understood from context).
anticipado
in advance / early
Es mejor comprar los billetes de forma anticipada.
It is better to buy the tickets in advance.
"De forma anticipada" is an adverbial phrase meaning "in advance." "Es mejor + infinitive" expresses advice impersonally.
imprescindible
essential / must-see
La Alhambra es una visita imprescindible en Granada.
The Alhambra is an essential visit in Granada.
"Imprescindible" is invariable in gender. It functions here as a post-nominal adjective modifying "visita" (feminine noun).
recomendable
advisable / recommended
Es recomendable llevar protección solar en verano.
It is advisable to bring sun protection in summer.
"Es recomendable + infinitive" is an impersonal expression of advice. "Llevar" here means "to bring/carry." "Protección solar" is a noun + adjective pair.
hacer una reserva
to make a reservation
Quiero hacer una reserva para dos personas esta noche.
I want to make a reservation for two people tonight.
"Hacer una reserva" is a verb + noun collocation. "Quiero + infinitive" expresses desire. "Para" introduces the beneficiary or purpose.
sacar un billete
to buy a ticket
Voy a sacar un billete de tren para mañana.
I am going to buy a train ticket for tomorrow.
"Sacar un billete" is idiomatic — "sacar" literally means "to take out" but here means "to buy." "Ir a + infinitive" expresses near future.
hacer escala
to have a layover / to stop over
El vuelo hace escala en Ámsterdam antes de llegar a Madrid.
The flight has a layover in Amsterdam before arriving in Madrid.
"Hacer escala" is a fixed expression where the subject is the flight. "Antes de + infinitive" means "before [doing something]."
pasar por la aduana
to go through customs
Todos los viajeros tienen que pasar por la aduana.
All travellers have to go through customs.
"Pasar por" means "to go through/pass through." "Tener que + infinitive" expresses obligation. "Todos" agrees with "viajeros" in masculine plural.
hacer turismo
to go sightseeing
Pasamos el día haciendo turismo por el centro histórico.
We spent the day sightseeing around the historic centre.
"Pasar el día + gerund" means "to spend the day doing." "Haciendo" is the gerund of "hacer." "Por" indicates movement through an area.
ponerse en camino
to set off / to hit the road
Nos pusimos en camino a las seis de la mañana.
We set off at six in the morning.
"Ponerse en camino" is a reflexive idiomatic expression. "Nos pusimos" is the preterite of "ponerse" (irregular stem: pus-).
ir de excursión
to go on an excursion / day trip
Mañana vamos a ir de excursión a las montañas.
Tomorrow we are going on an excursion to the mountains.
"Ir de excursión" is a fixed phrase. "Ir a + infinitive" creates the near future: "vamos a ir" (we are going to go).
perder el vuelo
to miss the flight
Casi perdemos el vuelo por el tráfico.
We almost missed the flight because of the traffic.
"Casi" (almost) modifies the verb. "Perdemos" is present but conveys a past near-miss in colloquial speech. "Por" here means "because of."
hacer la maleta
to pack one's suitcase
Todavía no he hecho la maleta y el vuelo es mañana.
I still haven't packed my suitcase and the flight is tomorrow.
"No he hecho" is the present perfect negative. "Hacer" has the irregular participle "hecho." "Todavía no" means "still not / not yet."
dar una vuelta
to take a stroll / to go for a walk
Después de cenar, salimos a dar una vuelta por el paseo marítimo.
After dinner, we went out for a stroll along the seafront.
"Dar una vuelta" is an idiomatic expression with "dar." "Después de + infinitive" means "after [doing]." "Salimos a" indicates going out with a purpose.