Word	Translation	Example
de moeder	the mother	Mijn moeder kookt het eten. My mother cooks the food.
"De"-word (common); verb gets -t ending in 3rd person singular.
de vader	the father	Mijn vader werkt op kantoor. My father works at an office.
"De"-word (common); verb gets -t ending in 3rd person singular.
de zoon	the son	Hun zoon gaat naar school. Their son goes to school.
"Naar" = to (direction/destination).
de dochter	the daughter	Onze dochter is vijf jaar oud. Our daughter is five years old.
"De"-word (common); "is" = 3rd person singular of "zijn" (to be).
het kind	the child	Het kind speelt in de tuin. The child plays in the garden.
"In" = in; preposition for enclosed spaces.
de broer	the brother	Mijn broer is ouder dan ik. My brother is older than me.
"De"-word (common); "is" = 3rd person singular of "zijn" (to be).
de zus	the sister	Mijn zus studeert in Leiden. My sister studies in Leiden.
"De"-word (common); verb gets -t ending in 3rd person singular.
de opa	the grandfather	Mijn opa vertelt mooie verhalen. My grandfather tells beautiful stories.
"De"-word (common); verb gets -t ending in 3rd person singular.
de oma	the grandmother	Mijn oma bakt elke zondag taart. My grandmother bakes cake every Sunday.
"Elke" = every/each; used with singular nouns.
de man	the man / husband	Haar man werkt in een ziekenhuis. Her husband works in a hospital.
"In" = in; preposition for enclosed spaces.
de vrouw	the woman / wife	Zijn vrouw is lerares. His wife is a teacher.
"De"-word (common); "is" = 3rd person singular of "zijn" (to be).
het gezin	the family (nuclear)	Ons gezin heeft vier personen. Our family has four people.
"Het"-word (neuter); "heeft" = 3rd person of "hebben" (to have).
de baby	the baby	De baby slaapt in de wieg. The baby sleeps in the crib.
"In" = in; preposition for enclosed spaces.
de oom	the uncle	Mijn oom woont in Groningen. My uncle lives in Groningen.
"De"-word (common); verb gets -t ending in 3rd person singular.
de tante	the aunt	Mijn tante komt morgen op bezoek. My aunt is visiting tomorrow.
"De"-word (common); verb gets -t ending in 3rd person singular.
de neef	the cousin (male) / nephew	Mijn neef is even oud als ik. My cousin is the same age as me.
"De"-word (common); "is" = 3rd person singular of "zijn" (to be).
de nicht	the cousin (female) / niece	Mijn nicht woont in België. My cousin lives in Belgium.
"De"-word (common); verb gets -t ending in 3rd person singular.
de vriend	the friend (male)	Mijn vriend heet Jan. My friend is called Jan.
"De"-word (common); verb gets -t ending in 3rd person singular.
de vriendin	the friend (female)	Mijn vriendin komt uit Duitsland. My friend comes from Germany.
"De"-word (common); verb gets -t ending in 3rd person singular.
het brood	the bread	Ik eet brood bij het ontbijt. I eat bread at breakfast.
"Bij" = at/near/by; preposition for locations or proximity.
de kaas	the cheese	Nederlandse kaas is beroemd. Dutch cheese is famous.
"De"-word (common); "is" = 3rd person singular of "zijn" (to be).
de melk	the milk	Ik drink een glas melk. I drink a glass of milk.
"De"-word (common gender); adjectives get -e ending before it.
het water	the water	Mag ik een glas water? May I have a glass of water?
Yes/no question: verb moves to first position (inversion).
de koffie	the coffee	Wil je een kopje koffie? Would you like a cup of coffee?
Yes/no question: verb moves to first position (inversion).
de thee	the tea	Ik drink graag thee. I like to drink tea.
"Graag" (gladly) after verb = to like doing something.
het bier	the beer	Nederland heeft lekker bier. The Netherlands has tasty beer.
"Lekker" = tasty/nice; common Dutch intensifier and adjective.
de wijn	the wine	Wil je rode of witte wijn? Do you want red or white wine?
Yes/no question: verb moves to first position (inversion).
het sap	the juice	Ik wil sinaasappelsap. I want orange juice.
Modal "willen" (to want); infinitive goes to clause end.
de soep	the soup	De tomatensoep is lekker. The tomato soup is tasty.
"Lekker" = tasty/nice; common Dutch intensifier and adjective.
het vlees	the meat	Ik eet niet veel vlees. I don't eat much meat.
"Niet" negates verbs, adjectives, or definite nouns.
de vis	the fish	We eten vis op vrijdag. We eat fish on Friday.
Plural verb form (infinitive/stem + -en) with "wij/we".
de kip	the chicken	Ik kook kip met rijst. I cook chicken with rice.
"Met" = with; for accompaniment or instrument.
de rijst	the rice	Wij eten rijst bij het avondeten. We eat rice at dinner.
"Bij" = at/near/by; preposition for locations or proximity.
de aardappel	the potato	Nederlanders eten veel aardappelen. Dutch people eat many potatoes.
"De"-word (common gender); adjectives get -e ending before it.
de groente	the vegetable	Ik koop verse groente op de markt. I buy fresh vegetables at the market.
"Op" = on; preposition for surfaces and certain expressions.
het fruit	the fruit	Fruit is gezond. Fruit is healthy.
Perfect with "zijn": used with verbs of motion or state change.
de appel	the apple	Ik eet elke dag een appel. I eat an apple every day.
"Elke" = every/each; used with singular nouns.
de suiker	the sugar	Wil je suiker in je koffie? Do you want sugar in your coffee?
Yes/no question: verb moves to first position (inversion).
het zout	the salt	Geef mij het zout, alsjeblieft. Pass me the salt, please.
"Het"-word (neuter); adjective gets no -e with "een" + het-noun.
de boter	the butter	Ik doe boter op mijn brood. I put butter on my bread.
"Op" = on; preposition for surfaces and certain expressions.
het ei	the egg	Ik bak een ei voor het ontbijt. I fry an egg for breakfast.
"Voor" = for/before; indicates purpose, benefit, or time.
de taart	the cake / pie	De appeltaart is heerlijk. The apple pie is delicious.
"De"-word (common); "is" = 3rd person singular of "zijn" (to be).
het ontbijt	the breakfast	Het ontbijt is om acht uur. Breakfast is at eight o'clock.
"Het"-word (neuter); "is" = 3rd person singular of "zijn" (to be).
de lunch	the lunch	We eten de lunch om twaalf uur. We eat lunch at twelve o'clock.
Plural verb form (infinitive/stem + -en) with "wij/we".
het avondeten	the dinner	Het avondeten is om zes uur. Dinner is at six o'clock.
"Het"-word (neuter); "is" = 3rd person singular of "zijn" (to be).
het hoofd	the head	Ik heb pijn in mijn hoofd. I have a pain in my head.
"In" = in; preposition for enclosed spaces.
het oog	the eye	Hij heeft blauwe ogen. He has blue eyes.
"Hij" (he) takes verb stem + -t in present tense.
het oor	the ear	Ik kan het niet goed horen met mijn oor. I cannot hear well with my ear.
Modal "kunnen" (can/able to); infinitive at clause end.
de neus	the nose	Mijn neus is rood van de kou. My nose is red from the cold.
"Van" = of/from; for origin, possession, or material.
de mond	the mouth	Doe je mond open. Open your mouth.
"De"-word (common gender); adjectives get -e ending before it.
de tand	the tooth	Ik poets mijn tanden twee keer per dag. I brush my teeth twice a day.
"Per" = per/by; used for frequency and means of transport.
de hand	the hand	Was je handen voor het eten. Wash your hands before eating.
"Voor" = for/before; indicates purpose, benefit, or time.
de arm	the arm	Mijn arm doet pijn. My arm hurts.
"De"-word (common); verb gets -t ending in 3rd person singular.
het been	the leg	Ik heb mijn been gebroken. I broke my leg.
Perfect tense: "hebben" + past participle (ge- + stem + -d/-t/-en).
de voet	the foot	Mijn voeten zijn moe. My feet are tired.
"De"-word (common gender); adjectives get -e ending before it.
de buik	the belly / stomach	Ik heb buikpijn. I have a stomachache.
"De"-word (common gender); adjectives get -e ending before it.
het hart	the heart	Mijn hart klopt snel. My heart beats fast.
"Snel" = fast/quickly; adverb/adjective in Dutch.
de jas	the coat / jacket	Trek je jas aan, het is koud. Put on your coat, it is cold.
"De"-word (common); "is" = 3rd person singular of "zijn" (to be).
de broek	the pants / trousers	Ik draag een blauwe broek. I am wearing blue pants.
"De"-word (common gender); adjectives get -e ending before it.
het shirt	the shirt / T-shirt	Dit shirt is te klein. This shirt is too small.
"Het"-word (neuter); "is" = 3rd person singular of "zijn" (to be).
de schoen	the shoe	Mijn schoenen zijn nieuw. My shoes are new.
Adjective before noun gets -e ending (except een + het-word).
de sok	the sock	Ik draag warme sokken. I am wearing warm socks.
"De"-word (common gender); adjectives get -e ending before it.
de trui	the sweater	Doe een trui aan, het is koud. Put on a sweater, it is cold.
"De"-word (common); "is" = 3rd person singular of "zijn" (to be).
de muts	the hat / beanie	In de winter draag ik een muts. In winter I wear a hat.
V2 rule: prepositional phrase first → verb second → subject third.
de tas	the bag	Mijn tas is zwaar. My bag is heavy.
"De"-word (common); "is" = 3rd person singular of "zijn" (to be).
het huis	the house	Ons huis heeft drie slaapkamers. Our house has three bedrooms.
"Het"-word (neuter); "heeft" = 3rd person of "hebben" (to have).
de kamer	the room	De kamer is groot en licht. The room is big and bright.
"De"-word (common); "is" = 3rd person singular of "zijn" (to be).
de keuken	the kitchen	Ik kook in de keuken. I cook in the kitchen.
"In" = in; preposition for enclosed spaces.
de slaapkamer	the bedroom	De slaapkamer is boven. The bedroom is upstairs.
"De"-word (common); "is" = 3rd person singular of "zijn" (to be).
de woonkamer	the living room	We kijken televisie in de woonkamer. We watch television in the living room.
"In" = in; preposition for enclosed spaces.
de badkamer	the bathroom	De badkamer is schoon. The bathroom is clean.
"De"-word (common); "is" = 3rd person singular of "zijn" (to be).
de deur	the door	Doe de deur dicht, alsjeblieft. Close the door, please.
"De"-word (common gender); adjectives get -e ending before it.
het raam	the window	Doe het raam open. Open the window.
"Het"-word (neuter); adjective gets no -e with "een" + het-noun.
de trap	the stairs	De trap is steil. The stairs are steep.
"De"-word (common); "is" = 3rd person singular of "zijn" (to be).
de vloer	the floor	De vloer is schoon. The floor is clean.
"De"-word (common); "is" = 3rd person singular of "zijn" (to be).
het toilet	the toilet	Waar is het toilet? Where is the toilet?
W-question: question word first, then verb, then subject.
de tafel	the table	We eten aan de tafel. We eat at the table.
"Aan" = at/on; preposition used with various expressions.
de stoel	the chair	Ga op de stoel zitten. Sit on the chair.
"Op" = on; preposition for surfaces and certain expressions.
het bed	the bed	Ik ga naar bed. I am going to bed.
"Naar" = to (direction/destination).
de bank	the couch / sofa	Ik zit op de bank. I am sitting on the couch.
"Op" = on; preposition for surfaces and certain expressions.
de kast	the cupboard / closet	De borden staan in de kast. The plates are in the cupboard.
"In" = in; preposition for enclosed spaces.
de lamp	the lamp	Doe de lamp aan. Turn on the lamp.
"De"-word (common gender); adjectives get -e ending before it.
de spiegel	the mirror	Ik kijk in de spiegel. I look in the mirror.
"In" = in; preposition for enclosed spaces.
het bureau	the desk	Mijn computer staat op het bureau. My computer is on the desk.
"Op" = on; preposition for surfaces and certain expressions.
de hond	the dog	De hond speelt in het park. The dog plays in the park.
"In" = in; preposition for enclosed spaces.
de kat	the cat	De kat slaapt op de bank. The cat sleeps on the couch.
"Op" = on; preposition for surfaces and certain expressions.
de vogel	the bird	De vogel zingt in de boom. The bird sings in the tree.
"In" = in; preposition for enclosed spaces.
het paard	the horse	Het paard staat in de wei. The horse is in the meadow.
"In" = in; preposition for enclosed spaces.
de koe	the cow	Er zijn veel koeien in Nederland. There are many cows in the Netherlands.
"Er + verb" = there is/are; Dutch existential construction.
het varken	the pig	Het varken is roze. The pig is pink.
"Het"-word (neuter); "is" = 3rd person singular of "zijn" (to be).
het dier	the animal	Ik houd van dieren. I love animals.
"Van" = of/from; for origin, possession, or material.
de zon	the sun	De zon schijnt. The sun is shining.
"De"-word (common); verb gets -t ending in 3rd person singular.
de regen	the rain	De regen valt de hele dag. The rain falls all day.
"De"-word (common); verb gets -t ending in 3rd person singular.
de wind	the wind	De wind is sterk vandaag. The wind is strong today.
"De"-word (common); "is" = 3rd person singular of "zijn" (to be).
het weer	the weather	Het weer is mooi vandaag. The weather is nice today.
"Het"-word (neuter); "is" = 3rd person singular of "zijn" (to be).
de storm	the storm	Er komt een storm aan. A storm is coming.
"Er + verb" = there is/are; Dutch existential construction.
droog	dry	Het is droog vandaag. It is dry today.
Standard Dutch SVO word order in a declarative main clause.
nat	wet	Mijn kleren zijn nat van de regen. My clothes are wet from the rain.
"Van" = of/from; for origin, possession, or material.
het uur	the hour	De les duurt een uur. The lesson lasts one hour.
"Het"-word (neuter); adjective gets no -e with "een" + het-noun.
de minuut	the minute	Wacht vijf minuten, alsjeblieft. Wait five minutes, please.
"De"-word (common gender); adjectives get -e ending before it.
de nacht	the night	De nacht is donker. The night is dark.
"De"-word (common); "is" = 3rd person singular of "zijn" (to be).
de ochtend	the morning	Ik drink koffie in de ochtend. I drink coffee in the morning.
"In" = in; preposition for enclosed spaces.
de middag	the afternoon	Ik werk in de middag. I work in the afternoon.
"In" = in; preposition for enclosed spaces.
de avond	the evening	In de avond kijk ik televisie. In the evening I watch television.
V2 rule: prepositional phrase first → verb second → subject third.
de week	the week	Ik werk vijf dagen per week. I work five days per week.
"Per" = per/by; used for frequency and means of transport.
de maand	the month	Deze maand is het warm. This month it is warm.
V2 rule: time phrase first triggers verb-subject inversion.
het jaar	the year	Ik woon hier al twee jaar. I have lived here for two years already.
"Al" = already; placed before the verb or past participle.
het weekend	the weekend	In het weekend ga ik naar het strand. On the weekend I go to the beach.
V2 rule: prepositional phrase first → verb second → subject third.
vroeg	early	Ik sta vroeg op. I get up early.
Standard Dutch SVO word order in a declarative main clause.
laat	late	Het is al laat. It is already late.
"Al" = already; placed before the verb or past participle.
straks	soon / later	Ik bel je straks. I will call you soon.
Standard Dutch SVO word order in a declarative main clause.
de vakantie	the vacation / holiday	We gaan op vakantie naar Spanje. We are going on vacation to Spain.
"Naar" = to (direction/destination).
de lente	the spring	In de lente bloeien de bloemen. In spring the flowers bloom.
V2 rule: prepositional phrase first → verb second → subject third.
de zomer	the summer	In de zomer is het warm. In summer it is warm.
V2 rule: prepositional phrase first → verb second → subject third.
de herfst	the autumn / fall	In de herfst vallen de bladeren. In autumn the leaves fall.
V2 rule: prepositional phrase first → verb second → subject third.
de winter	the winter	In de winter is het koud. In winter it is cold.
V2 rule: prepositional phrase first → verb second → subject third.
boos	angry	Zij is boos op mij. She is angry at me.
Standard Dutch SVO word order in a declarative main clause.
verdrietig	sad	Het kind is verdrietig. The child is sad.
Standard Dutch SVO word order in a declarative main clause.
bang	afraid / scared	Ik ben bang voor honden. I am afraid of dogs.
"Voor" = for/before; indicates purpose, benefit, or time.
moe	tired	Ik ben erg moe. I am very tired.
Verb stem (no ending) used with "ik" in present tense.
gelukkig	happy / fortunately	Ik ben gelukkig met mijn baan. I am happy with my job.
"Met" = with; for accompaniment or instrument.
verliefd	in love	Hij is verliefd op haar. He is in love with her.
"Haar" = her; possessive pronoun placed before the noun.
zenuwachtig	nervous	Ik ben zenuwachtig voor het examen. I am nervous about the exam.
"Voor" = for/before; indicates purpose, benefit, or time.
trots	proud	Ik ben trots op mijn zoon. I am proud of my son.
"Op" = on; preposition for surfaces and certain expressions.
tevreden	satisfied / content	Ik ben tevreden met het resultaat. I am satisfied with the result.
"Met" = with; for accompaniment or instrument.
verrast	surprised	Ik ben verrast door het cadeau. I am surprised by the gift.
"Door" = through/by; preposition for movement or agent.
eenzaam	lonely	Soms voel ik me eenzaam. Sometimes I feel lonely.
V2 word order: adverb first, then verb, then subject inverted.
de leraar	the teacher (male)	De leraar geeft les in wiskunde. The teacher teaches mathematics.
"De"-word (common); verb gets -t ending in 3rd person singular.
de lerares	the teacher (female)	De lerares is heel aardig. The teacher is very kind.
"Heel" = very; intensifier placed before adjectives.
de dokter	the doctor	Ik ga naar de dokter. I am going to the doctor.
"Naar" = to (direction/destination).
de verpleegkundige	the nurse	De verpleegkundige helpt de patiënt. The nurse helps the patient.
"De"-word (common); verb gets -t ending in 3rd person singular.
de agent	the police officer	De agent regelt het verkeer. The police officer directs traffic.
"De"-word (common); verb gets -t ending in 3rd person singular.
de kok	the cook / chef	De kok maakt lekker eten. The chef makes delicious food.
"Lekker" = tasty/nice; common Dutch intensifier and adjective.
de student	the student	De student studeert in Amsterdam. The student studies in Amsterdam.
"De"-word (common); verb gets -t ending in 3rd person singular.
de boer	the farmer	De boer werkt op het land. The farmer works on the land.
"Op" = on; preposition for surfaces and certain expressions.
de winkelier	the shopkeeper	De winkelier opent de winkel om negen uur. The shopkeeper opens the shop at nine o'clock.
"De"-word (common); verb gets -t ending in 3rd person singular.
de chauffeur	the driver	De chauffeur rijdt de bus. The driver drives the bus.
"De"-word (common); verb gets -t ending in 3rd person singular.
de auto	the car	Ik ga met de auto naar het werk. I go to work by car.
"Naar" = to (direction/destination).
de fiets	the bicycle	Ik fiets elke dag naar school. I cycle to school every day.
"Naar" = to (direction/destination).
de trein	the train	De trein vertrekt om tien uur. The train departs at ten o'clock.
"De"-word (common); verb gets -t ending in 3rd person singular.
de bus	the bus	Ik neem de bus naar de stad. I take the bus to the city.
"Naar" = to (direction/destination).
de tram	the tram	De tram stopt bij het station. The tram stops at the station.
"Bij" = at/near/by; preposition for locations or proximity.
het vliegtuig	the airplane	Het vliegtuig vertrekt om drie uur. The airplane departs at three o'clock.
"Het"-word (neuter); adjective gets no -e with "een" + het-noun.
de boot	the boat	We varen met de boot over het meer. We sail with the boat across the lake.
"Met" = with; for accompaniment or instrument.
de metro	the metro / subway	Ik reis met de metro door de stad. I travel through the city by metro.
"Met" = with; for accompaniment or instrument.
het station	the station	Het station is dichtbij. The station is nearby.
"Het"-word (neuter); "is" = 3rd person singular of "zijn" (to be).
de halte	the stop	De bushalte is om de hoek. The bus stop is around the corner.
"De"-word (common); "is" = 3rd person singular of "zijn" (to be).
het kaartje	the ticket	Ik koop een kaartje voor de trein. I buy a ticket for the train.
"Voor" = for/before; indicates purpose, benefit, or time.
de straat	the street	De straat is lang en smal. The street is long and narrow.
"De"-word (common); "is" = 3rd person singular of "zijn" (to be).
de weg	the road / way	Weet jij de weg naar het park? Do you know the way to the park?
Yes/no question: verb moves to first position (inversion).
de brug	the bridge	We lopen over de brug. We walk across the bridge.
"Over" = about/across/in (time); versatile preposition.
de winkel	the shop / store	De winkel is open tot acht uur. The shop is open until eight o'clock.
"Tot" = until/to; marks an endpoint in time or space.
de supermarkt	the supermarket	Ik ga naar de supermarkt. I am going to the supermarket.
"Naar" = to (direction/destination).
het ziekenhuis	the hospital	Het ziekenhuis is in het centrum. The hospital is in the center.
"In" = in; preposition for enclosed spaces.
de school	the school	De school begint om half negen. School starts at half past eight.
"De"-word (common); verb gets -t ending in 3rd person singular.
het park	the park	Wij wandelen in het park. We walk in the park.
"In" = in; preposition for enclosed spaces.
het restaurant	the restaurant	Wij eten in een restaurant. We eat in a restaurant.
"In" = in; preposition for enclosed spaces.
de kerk	the church	De kerk is heel oud. The church is very old.
"Heel" = very; intensifier placed before adjectives.
de markt	the market	Op zaterdag ga ik naar de markt. On Saturday I go to the market.
V2 rule: time expression first → verb second → subject third.
het strand	the beach	In de zomer gaan we naar het strand. In summer we go to the beach.
V2 rule: prepositional phrase first → verb second → subject third.
de gracht	the canal	Amsterdam heeft mooie grachten. Amsterdam has beautiful canals.
"De"-word (common); "heeft" = 3rd person of "hebben" (to have).
de telefoon	the telephone	Mijn telefoon gaat over. My phone is ringing.
Separable verb: prefix separates to end of the main clause.
de computer	the computer	Ik werk op de computer. I work on the computer.
"Op" = on; preposition for surfaces and certain expressions.
het boek	the book	Ik lees een goed boek. I am reading a good book.
"Goed" = good/well; used as both adjective and adverb.
de pen	the pen	Heb je een pen voor mij? Do you have a pen for me?
Yes/no question: verb moves to first position (inversion).
de sleutel	the key	Ik ben mijn sleutel kwijt. I have lost my key.
"Mijn" = my; possessive pronoun; no article needed with it.
het geld	the money	Ik heb niet genoeg geld. I don't have enough money.
Perfect tense: "hebben" + past participle (ge- + stem + -d/-t/-en).
de bril	the glasses	Ik draag een bril. I wear glasses.
"De"-word (common gender); adjectives get -e ending before it.
het horloge	the watch	Mijn horloge loopt achter. My watch is running slow.
"Het"-word (neuter); adjective gets no -e with "een" + het-noun.
de portemonnee	the wallet	Mijn portemonnee zit in mijn tas. My wallet is in my bag.
"In" = in; preposition for enclosed spaces.
koken	to cook	Ik kook vanavond pasta. I am cooking pasta tonight.
Standard Dutch SVO word order in a declarative main clause.
schoonmaken	to clean	Ik maak het huis schoon. I am cleaning the house.
Standard Dutch SVO word order in a declarative main clause.
wassen	to wash	Ik was mijn kleren. I wash my clothes.
"Mijn" = my; possessive pronoun; no article needed with it.
douchen	to shower	Ik douche elke ochtend. I shower every morning.
"Elke" = every/each; used with singular nouns.
zwemmen	to swim	De kinderen zwemmen in het zwembad. The children swim in the swimming pool.
"In" = in; preposition for enclosed spaces.
fietsen	to cycle	Ik fiets naar mijn werk. I cycle to my work.
"Naar" = to (direction/destination).
spelen	to play	De kinderen spelen buiten. The children play outside.
Standard Dutch SVO word order in a declarative main clause.
luisteren	to listen	Ik luister naar muziek. I listen to music.
"Naar" = to (direction/destination).
kijken	to look / to watch	Ik kijk naar een film. I am watching a movie.
"Naar" = to (direction/destination).
bellen	to call (phone)	Ik bel mijn moeder. I call my mother.
"Mijn" = my; possessive pronoun; no article needed with it.
zingen	to sing	Zij zingt een lied. She sings a song.
"Zij/ze" (she) + verb stem + -t in 3rd person singular.
dansen	to dance	Wij dansen op het feest. We dance at the party.
"Op" = on; preposition for surfaces and certain expressions.
tekenen	to draw	Het kind tekent een huis. The child draws a house.
Standard Dutch SVO word order in a declarative main clause.
opruimen	to tidy up	Ik ruim mijn kamer op. I tidy up my room.
Separable verb "opruimen": "op" splits to clause end.
boodschappen doen	to do grocery shopping	Ik doe op zaterdag boodschappen. I do grocery shopping on Saturday.
Standard Dutch SVO word order in a declarative main clause.
slapen	to sleep	Ik slaap acht uur per nacht. I sleep eight hours per night.
Verb stem (no ending) used with "ik" in present tense.
eten	to eat	Wij eten om zes uur. We eat at six o'clock.
Plural verb form (infinitive/stem + -en) with "wij/we".
drinken	to drink	Ik drink elke ochtend koffie. I drink coffee every morning.
Strong verb: past tense "dronk", past participle "gedronken".
werken	to work	Mijn vader werkt op kantoor. My father works at an office.
Weak verb: stam "werk" + -t for 3rd person singular (hij werkt).
studeren	to study	Zij studeert aan de universiteit. She studies at the university.
"Aan" = at; preposition used with educational institutions.
rusten	to rest	Na het werk rust ik even. After work I rest for a bit.
V2 rule: prepositional phrase first triggers verb-subject inversion.
rennen	to run	De kinderen rennen in het park. The children run in the park.
"In" = in; preposition for enclosed spaces.
lopen	to walk	Ik loop naar de winkel. I walk to the shop.
Strong verb: past tense "liep", past participle "gelopen" (with zijn).
zitten	to sit	Ik zit op een stoel. I am sitting on a chair.
Strong verb: past tense "zat", past participle "gezeten".
opstaan	to get up	Ik sta elke dag om zeven uur op. I get up at seven o'clock every day.
Separable verb "opstaan": prefix "op" goes to clause end.
lezen	to read	Ik lees graag boeken. I like to read books.
Strong verb: past tense "las", past participle "gelezen".
schrijven	to write	Zij schrijft een brief. She writes a letter.
Strong verb: past tense "schreef", past participle "geschreven".
wonen	to live (reside)	Wij wonen in Amsterdam. We live in Amsterdam.
"In" = in; preposition for cities and places.
praten	to talk	Wij praten over het weer. We talk about the weather.
"Over" = about; preposition for topics of conversation.
maken	to make	Ik maak het ontbijt klaar. I prepare breakfast.
"Klaarmaken" is separable: "klaar" goes to clause end.
schoon	clean	Het huis is schoon. The house is clean.
Adjective: predicative form (no -e ending after "is").
vies	dirty	Mijn handen zijn vies. My hands are dirty.
Adjective: no -e ending in predicative position.
blij	happy / glad	Ik ben blij met het cadeau. I am happy with the gift.
"Met" = with; for accompaniment or instrument.
warm	warm	Het is warm vandaag. It is warm today.
Standard Dutch SVO word order in a declarative main clause.
koud	cold	Het is koud buiten. It is cold outside.
"Buiten" = outside; adverb of place.
groot	big / large	De tuin is heel groot. The garden is very big.
"Heel" = very; intensifier placed before adjectives.
klein	small / little	Het kind is nog klein. The child is still small.
"Nog" = still/yet; placed before the adjective.
nieuw	new	Ik heb een nieuwe fiets. I have a new bicycle.
Adjective gets -e ending before a de-word (de fiets).
oud	old	De kerk is heel oud. The church is very old.
"Heel" = very; intensifier placed before adjectives.
snel	fast / quick	De trein is heel snel. The train is very fast.
Used as both adjective and adverb in Dutch.
langzaam	slow	De schildpad loopt langzaam. The turtle walks slowly.
Used as both adjective and adverb in Dutch.
mooi	beautiful / nice	Het weer is mooi vandaag. The weather is nice today.
Adjective: no -e ending in predicative position.
lekker	tasty / nice	De soep is heel lekker. The soup is very tasty.
Common Dutch adjective/adverb used for food, weather, and well-being.
duur	expensive	Dit restaurant is duur. This restaurant is expensive.
Standard Dutch SVO word order in a declarative main clause.
goedkoop	cheap	De markt is goedkoop. The market is cheap.
Compound adjective: goed (good) + koop (buy).
tot ziens	goodbye	Tot ziens, tot morgen! Goodbye, see you tomorrow!
Fixed farewell phrase. "Tot" = until; implies seeing again.
alsjeblieft	please (informal)	Een kopje koffie, alsjeblieft. A cup of coffee, please.
Informal "please"; use "alstublieft" for formal situations.
dank je wel	thank you	Dank je wel voor je hulp. Thank you for your help.
Informal thanks. Formal: "dank u wel". "Voor" = for.
hoe gaat het	how are you	Hoi! Hoe gaat het met je? Hi! How are you?
Fixed greeting phrase. "Met je" = with you (informal).
sorry	sorry	Sorry, dat wist ik niet. Sorry, I didn't know that.
Common apology. "Dat" starts a subordinate clause with verb "wist" at the end.
geen probleem	no problem	Geen probleem, het geeft niet. No problem, it doesn't matter.
"Geen" negates indefinite nouns. "Het geeft niet" is a fixed expression.
betalen	to pay	Ik betaal met mijn pinpas. I pay with my debit card.
'Met' = with; used for instruments/means of payment.
vragen	to ask	Mag ik iets vragen? May I ask something?
Strong verb: past tense 'vroeg', past participle 'gevraagd'. Modal 'mogen' + infinitive.
antwoorden	to answer	Hij antwoordt altijd snel. He always answers quickly.
Weak verb. Stam 'antwoord' + t, but pronunciation already ends in t-sound.
beginnen	to begin	De les begint om negen uur. The lesson starts at nine o'clock.
Strong verb: past tense 'begon', past participle 'begonnen' (with zijn).
helpen	to help	Kun je mij helpen? Can you help me?
Strong verb: past tense 'hielp', past participle 'geholpen'. Modal 'kunnen' + infinitive.
pakken	to grab / to take	Pak je jas, het regent. Grab your jacket, it's raining.
Imperative form = verb stem only. Two main clauses joined by comma.
stil	quiet / silent	Wees stil, de baby slaapt. Be quiet, the baby is sleeping.
Imperative of 'zijn' = 'wees'. Two clauses, second explains first.
luid	loud	De muziek is te luid. The music is too loud.
'Te' = too (excess); placed before adjectives.
jong	young	De kinderen zijn nog jong. The children are still young.
'Nog' = still; placed before the adjective.
zacht	soft / gentle	Dit kussen is heel zacht. This pillow is very soft.
'Heel' = very; common intensifier before adjectives.
hard	hard / loud	Het regent heel hard. It's raining very hard.
Used as both adjective and adverb. Here: adverb modifying 'regenen'.
vol	full	De trein is vol. The train is full.
Predicate adjective: no -e ending.
leeg	empty	De koelkast is leeg. The fridge is empty.
Predicate adjective: no -e ending.
goedemorgen	good morning	Goedemorgen! Hoe heb je geslapen? Good morning! How did you sleep?
Fixed greeting. Perfect tense: 'hebben' + past participle 'geslapen'.
tot morgen	see you tomorrow	Tot morgen! Slaap lekker. See you tomorrow! Sleep well.
'Tot' = until; used in farewells. 'Lekker' = nicely (adverb).
ik weet het niet	I don't know	Ik weet het niet, sorry. I don't know, sorry.
'Niet' negates the verb. 'Het' is required object pronoun in this expression.
dat klopt	that's correct	Ja, dat klopt helemaal. Yes, that's completely correct.
Fixed expression. 'Helemaal' = completely; adverb intensifier.
niet erg	not bad / no problem	Het is niet erg, maak je geen zorgen. It's not bad, don't worry.
'Maak je geen zorgen' = don't worry (reflexive imperative).
heel graag	with pleasure / very much	Wil je koffie? Heel graag! Would you like coffee? Very much!
'Graag' = gladly/please; common positive response to offers.
een beetje	a little bit	Ik spreek een beetje Nederlands. I speak a little bit of Dutch.
Fixed expression for quantity. 'Spreken' = to speak.
af en toe	now and then	Ik ga af en toe naar de bioscoop. I go to the cinema now and then.
Fixed adverbial phrase for frequency. 'Naar' = to (direction).

Dutch A1 — Daily Life Official

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